{"id":1584,"date":"2023-08-10T22:14:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T22:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/knowledgehub\/?p=1584"},"modified":"2025-01-28T12:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T17:30:04","slug":"lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/","title":{"rendered":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Almost all countries closed schools and universities during the Covid-19 pandemic, affecting more than 90 per cent of the world\u2019s learners. A growing literature aims to estimate the effects of these school closures on learning outcomes, future earnings and GDP. We contribute to this literature by estimating the impact of school closures on earnings in the long term using a natural experiment. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,74,107,123],"tags":[230,231,146],"class_list":["post-1584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-development","category-policy-governance","category-publications","category-quality-of-life","tag-education","tag-human-development","tag-policies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Almost all countries closed schools and universities during the Covid-19 pandemic, affecting more than 90 per cent of the world\u2019s learners. A growing literature aims to estimate the effects of these school closures on learning outcomes, future earnings and GDP. We contribute to this literature by estimating the impact of school closures on earnings in the long term using a natural experiment.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"383\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"543\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"MSWFDFI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@WFDFI_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WFDFI_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"MSWFDFI\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"MSWFDFI\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a\"},\"headline\":\"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\"},\"wordCount\":11,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Education\",\"Human development\",\"Policies\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Human Development\",\"Policy \/ Governance\",\"Publications\",\"Quality of Life\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\",\"name\":\"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png\",\"width\":383,\"height\":543},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\",\"name\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png\",\"width\":432,\"height\":114,\"caption\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/WFDFI_\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wfdfi\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a\",\"name\":\"MSWFDFI\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"MSWFDFI\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/site.wfdfi.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/author\/mswfdfi\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","og_description":"Almost all countries closed schools and universities during the Covid-19 pandemic, affecting more than 90 per cent of the world\u2019s learners. A growing literature aims to estimate the effects of these school closures on learning outcomes, future earnings and GDP. We contribute to this literature by estimating the impact of school closures on earnings in the long term using a natural experiment.","og_url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/","og_site_name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","article_published_time":"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":383,"height":543,"url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"MSWFDFI","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@WFDFI_","twitter_site":"@WFDFI_","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"MSWFDFI"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/"},"author":{"name":"MSWFDFI","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a"},"headline":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings","datePublished":"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/"},"wordCount":11,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png","keywords":["Education","Human development","Policies"],"articleSection":["Human Development","Policy \/ Governance","Publications","Quality of Life"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/","name":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png","datePublished":"2023-08-10T22:14:13+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-28T17:30:04+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/89.png","width":383,"height":543},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/lasting-scars-the-long-term-effects-of-school-closures-on-earnings\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lasting scars: The long term effects of school closures on earnings"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/","name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization","name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png","width":432,"height":114,"caption":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/WFDFI_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wfdfi"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a","name":"MSWFDFI","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"MSWFDFI"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/site.wfdfi.org"],"url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/author\/mswfdfi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1584"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8154,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions\/8154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}