{"id":1589,"date":"2023-08-11T22:27:32","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T22:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/knowledgehub\/?p=1589"},"modified":"2025-01-28T12:30:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T17:30:11","slug":"navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Countries have been increasingly decentralizing and devolving powers to lower levels of government in the hope of improving services delivery. Yet proliferation of governments, particularly in a developing country setting, may create fiscal and policy uncertainty and increase the tax and compliance burden for private businesses, with potentially detrimental effects for investment. This hypothesis is tested in the context of Indonesia, which has increased the number of districts from 284 in 1989 to 511 by 2014. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,34,74,212,107,156],"tags":[20,63,146,42],"class_list":["post-1589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economic-development-stability","category-investments","category-policy-governance","category-public-sector","category-publications","category-sustainability","tag-economic-development","tag-investment","tag-policies","tag-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Countries have been increasingly decentralizing and devolving powers to lower levels of government in the hope of improving services delivery. Yet proliferation of governments, particularly in a developing country setting, may create fiscal and policy uncertainty and increase the tax and compliance burden for private businesses, with potentially detrimental effects for investment. This hypothesis is tested in the context of Indonesia, which has increased the number of districts from 284 in 1989 to 511 by 2014.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"510\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"606\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"MSWFDFI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@WFDFI_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WFDFI_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"MSWFDFI\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"MSWFDFI\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a\"},\"headline\":\"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\"},\"wordCount\":6,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Economic Development\",\"Investment\",\"Policies\",\"Sustainability\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economic Development \/ Stability\",\"Investments\",\"Policy \/ Governance\",\"Public Sector\",\"Publications\",\"Sustainability\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\",\"name\":\"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png\",\"width\":510,\"height\":606},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\",\"name\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png\",\"width\":432,\"height\":114,\"caption\":\"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/WFDFI_\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wfdfi\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a\",\"name\":\"MSWFDFI\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"MSWFDFI\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/site.wfdfi.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/author\/mswfdfi\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","og_description":"Countries have been increasingly decentralizing and devolving powers to lower levels of government in the hope of improving services delivery. Yet proliferation of governments, particularly in a developing country setting, may create fiscal and policy uncertainty and increase the tax and compliance burden for private businesses, with potentially detrimental effects for investment. This hypothesis is tested in the context of Indonesia, which has increased the number of districts from 284 in 1989 to 511 by 2014.","og_url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/","og_site_name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","article_published_time":"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":510,"height":606,"url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"MSWFDFI","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@WFDFI_","twitter_site":"@WFDFI_","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"MSWFDFI"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/"},"author":{"name":"MSWFDFI","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a"},"headline":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond","datePublished":"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/"},"wordCount":6,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png","keywords":["Economic Development","Investment","Policies","Sustainability"],"articleSection":["Economic Development \/ Stability","Investments","Policy \/ Governance","Public Sector","Publications","Sustainability"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/","name":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond - World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png","datePublished":"2023-08-11T22:27:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-28T17:30:11+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/90.png","width":510,"height":606},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/navigating-uncertainty-investment-dynamics-and-beyond\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Navigating Uncertainty: Investment Dynamics and Beyond"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/","name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#organization","name":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/logo.png","width":432,"height":114,"caption":"World Federation of Development Financing Institutions"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/WFDFI_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/wfdfi"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b0e03f9e9cdbe9c081663fd45b2b204a","name":"MSWFDFI","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7a83f448a1bad22fafa38cc1087c953bb25f0222db8349e1ae3f76b97fbd8418?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"MSWFDFI"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/site.wfdfi.org"],"url":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/author\/mswfdfi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1589"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8155,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions\/8155"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wfdfi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}