How large is the borrowing cost advantage of state-owned enterprises?
The authors provide new evidence of lower borrowing costs for state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Utilizing ORBIS ownership data matched to financing transactions in syndicated loan and bond markets, regressions and propensity score matching estimates confirm the lower financing costs for SOEs in both advanced and developing economies when compared to the private sector.
Good Practices and Innovations in Risk Management for Agri-SME Finance Under COVID-19
African Economic Outlook 2021
The 2021 edition of the African Economic Outlook focuses on debt resolution, governance, and growth in Africa. Chapter 1 examines Africa’s growth performance and outlook amid the Covid–19 pandemic. It starts by emphasizing on policy options to mitigate the effects of the pandemic in the short, medium, and long terms. It also explores the causes and consequences of Africa’s debt dynamics by showing how the changing structure and composition of debt create vulnerabilities.